Portrait of Michael Sandbank

Micheal Sandbank

Assistant professor
University of Texas at Austin

Micheal Sandbank is assistant professor of special education at the University of Texas at Austin.

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Claims of necessity and sufficiency are not well suited for the study of complex systems

The earliest studies on necessary and sufficient neural populations were performed on simple invertebrate circuits. Does this logic still serve us as we tackle more sophisticated outputs?

By Grace Lindsay
7 February 2025 | 6 min read
Research image of a mouse brain slice stained in purple and yellow.

Subthalamic plasticity helps mice squelch innate fear responses

When the animals learn that a perceived threat is not dangerous, long-term activity changes in a part of the subthalamus suppress their instinctive fears.

By Sydney Wyatt
6 February 2025 | 5 min read
Illustration of a hand and various blocks, check boxes, and shapes and lines.

To accelerate the study of neurodevelopment, we need a transdiagnostic framework

Our tendency to focus on one condition at a time likely silos expertise and services—and obscures critical connections across diagnostic categories.

By Kelsie Boulton, Adam Guastella
6 February 2025 | 6 min read