Portrait of Khara Ramos

Khara Ramos

Director, Neuroethics Program
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

Khara Ramos is director of the Neuroethics Program, and health scientist administrator in the Office of Scientific Liaison, at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.

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Illustration of worm on top of a purple rock with neurons in the background.

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The animal has a brain structure all its own, according to a 2026 preprint. The finding hints that brains could have evolved centralization before regionalization.

By Sarah DeWeerdt
4 November 2026 | 7 min read

Does cognition happen in brain areas or between them?

Michael Cole explains how "brain flows" are the fundamental units of brain function and cognition.

By Paul Middlebrooks
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Brain Flows book cover

‘Brain Flows: How Network Dynamics Compose the Human Mind,’ an excerpt

In his new book, published today, Michael W. Cole examines how the movement of neuronal activity between neuronal populations shapes free will, intelligence and creativity. In this excerpt from Chapter 1, Cole explores why activity flows could unify efforts to map brain functions and connectivity.

By Michael W. Cole
3 November 2026 | 9 min read