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Modern AI is simply no match for the complexity likely required for harboring consciousness, says Jaan Aru

He argues that our brain’s computations are of a completely different nature than any artificial intelligence because they take place across many spatial and temporal scales and are inextricably entwined with biological materials.

By Paul Middlebrooks
11 February 2026 | 108 min watch

Jaan Aru is associate professor and co-principal investigator of the Natural and Artificial Intelligence Lab at the University of Tartu. In this episode of “Brain Inspired,” Aru and Paul Middlebrooks discuss the near-zero likelihood an AI model has anything remotely resembling consciousness. Brains are special in part because they process signals across all scales, from molecules to neurons to brain areas, and those “across-level” computations are inseparable from the physical substrates that implement them. They explore examples of biological details required for consciousness, such as a specific kind of signal integration in dendrites and loops between the cortex and thalamus.

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