Headshot of Daisy Yuhas.

Daisy Yuhas

Contributing editor
Spectrum

Daisy Yuhas commissions and edits stories for Spectrum on The Transmitter. A freelance science journalist and editor based in Austin, Texas, she has edited features, news and opinions for multiple publications, including SAPIENS and Scientific American MIND. Her writing has appeared in The New York TimesScientific AmericanAudubon, The Hechinger Report and Symmetry, among other outlets. (Photograph by Brio Photography)

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This paper changed my life: Erin Calipari ponders the nuances of rewarding and aversive stimuli

A 1960s study by Kelleher and Morse found that lever pressing in squirrel monkeys depended not on whether they received a reward or shock, but on the rules of the task. This taught Calipari to think deeply about factors that influence how behavior is generated and maintained.

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Why neural foundation models work, and what they might—and might not—teach us about the brain

These models can partly generalize across species, brain regions and tasks, suggesting that a set of machine-learnable rules govern neural population activity. But will we be able to understand them?

By Juan Gallego
13 April 2026 | 8 min read