This article is part of our 2025 State of Neuroscience report.

Composite of headshots of neuroscientists who passed away in the past several years.
In memoriam: Some of the neuroscientists who passed away between 2023 and 2025 include Floyd Bloom (third from left, top), Masashi Kawasaki (far left, bottom) and Victoria E. Johnson (far right, bottom)

The leaders we have lost

Learn more about the lives and legacies of the neuroscientists who passed away between 2023 and 2025.

By The Transmitter
10 November 2025 | 4 min read

Many of the names on this list have long been celebrated in neuroscience. Over the past three years, we lost leaders who solved deep mysteries about the brain and who broke ground in important new lines of work. Krishna V. Shenoy, for instance, developed a novel dynamical systems framework for neural activity and set new standards for brain-computer interfaces. A.D. “Bud” Craig Jr. jump-started the field of interoception; Larry Young revealed the role of oxytocin in social bonding; Harvey Karten, the “great-grandfather” of neuroanatomy, pioneered the study of non-mammal vertebrates; Eleanor Maguire redefined our understanding of human memory; and A. James Hudspeth unraveled how the ear converts sound into electrical signals. Read more about them and other pioneers.


 

2023

21 January: Krishna V. Shenoy
23 January: Elena Galea
27 May: Robert Skoff
4 July: George Aghajanian
13 July: John G. Nicholls
15 July: A.D. “Bud” Craig Jr.
11 August: Sliman Bensmaia
23 December: Peter Schiller

A photograph of Peter Schiller

He did everything intensely.

Marc A. Sommer, professor of biomedical engineering at Duke University and one of Schiller’s former graduate students

Bill was the smartest person I ever knew. He was an incredible scientist. He was a wonderful writer. He was an amazing speaker. I learned an awful lot from him.

Lori Isom, professor of pharmacology at the University of Michigan and a former postdoctoral researcher in Catterall’s lab

His impact has been enormous. He brought molecular biology to what we would call non-model organisms, the species that are normally neglected by mainstream science.

Steven Phelps, professor of integrative biology at the University of Texas at Austin and Young’s first postdoctoral researcher at Emory University

There wasn’t any part of the brain that he hadn’t dabbled in at some point and come up with something interesting, and I think that really sets him apart.

Jonathan Erichsen, professor of visual neuroscience at Cardiff University and one of Karten’s former postdoctoral fellows

I could always go and get really good opinions from him, no matter what question I had.

Terrence Sejnowski, professor and laboratory head of the Computational Neurobiology Laboratory at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies

She was extremely imaginative in figuring out what one might do, using real-world-type situations, to try to link memory theory to what actually goes on in people as they go around their everyday lives.

Michael Rugg, distinguished chair in behavioral and brain sciences at the University of Texas at Dallas

He played a really major role in moving neuroscience into its modern form, where many different disciplines are applied to studying the brain.

Steve Foote, former director of the Division of Neuroscience and Basic Behavioral Science at the National Institute of Mental Health, and a former postdoctoral fellow in Bloom’s lab

She was always very, very curious and also willing to challenge what you were doing.

James Cusack, chief executive officer of the charity organization Autistica, founded by Shirley

He had little patience for compromising with a problem. He just went out and solved the problem.

Marcelo Magnasco, professor and head of the Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience at Rockefeller University

He didn’t ever want to give up. He never stopped thinking about the next great thing to do.

John Hildebrand, professor emeritus of neuroscience at the University of Arizona

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